We are talking about the 2026 Formula 1 engines in a scenario that is already defined by a written and approved regulation. Despite this, there are many conflicting voices, indicating that the vision for the future is not yet clear, and there may be significant points of friction.
One of the topics that can divide the table is eco-friendly fuels. Stefano Domenicali, CEO of F1, in the extraordinary interview with Motorsport Italy’s Roberto Chinchero, provided the guidelines that everyone shares, although there are underlying arguments on the subject of fuels.
“It is not talked about much, but it is a topic we are trying to regulate to prevent it from becoming a clash between titans. We could have made a different choice, that is, if we have a single tire supplier, why not introduce a single fuel supplier as well? We have decided to leave it open to avoid blocking technological relationships that have linked teams and engine manufacturers to companies in the industry for many years.” – the former Ferrari boss explained.
“We introduced single supplier in F2 and F3 because it aligns with the philosophy of those categories, but Formula 1 is the pinnacle of motorsport, a technological arena in which this type of research should also exist, a useful and preparatory challenge for the major challenges of mobility.”
Stefano Domenicali is aware that an element of discussion may hide beneath the surface because the F1 regulations leave the door open for both e-fuel and biofuel:
“Our task will be to define a development window within which fuel producers can operate. We cannot leave the field completely open, otherwise we would risk unbalancing the values at play. But, I repeat, this will be an important game, and companies are realizing that the Formula 1 program potentially offers them the opportunity to patent new technologies.”
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The Italian manager delicately touched on the sensitive issue, aware that it could become divisive. Formula 1 manufacturers have sponsorship and technical agreements with oil companies, so the sport takes great care to avoid excluding important partners from the world of GPs, both financially and performance-wise.
Under the current regulations, the FIA has approved fuels and lubricants, prohibiting their development and research to reduce costs. The result is that different fuels have reached similar performance values, so the topic does not trigger discussions or controversies as in the past. Motor power is also discussed less, except for reliability issues rather than raw power.
With the Net Zero objective, the game is destined to reopen, as some manufacturers are focused on e-fuel development while others are leaning towards biofuel due to their ties with respective oil companies, which are investing in one direction or the other. According to rumors, Petronas would be inclined towards biofuel, while Aramco is making enormous investments in e-fuel, with Exxon Mobil following suit, and Shell is reportedly still in a decision-making phase.
It is not surprising, therefore, that during the study phase of the 2026 F1 power units, engine manufacturers are conducting parallel studies with different solutions because the two fuels have incomparable chemical properties and efficiencies. What does all this mean? It means that to achieve a synthesis between the two fuels, a sort of Balance of Performance will be necessary in Formula 1 as well.
The fear is not as far-fetched as one might think: the world of GPs has so far stayed away from this risk, which has affected the World Endurance Championship and, in general, all GT and Touring championships. But in order to achieve a balance between the two fuels, it will be necessary to discuss and debate because we will no longer talk about kilograms of fuel to be stored in the tank, but about available energy…
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