Ferrari seeks answers, McLaren wants confirmation: China is the best test to find them. Shanghai’s sweeping corners will highlight the essential qualities needed on European circuits.

The Chinese Grand Prix will be a moment of truth, serving as a test for some of the most crucial design qualities and raising the question of whether anyone can challenge McLaren until the end of the year. Ferrari is eager to assess its actual gap from the world champions, convinced that the deficit seen in Australia does not accurately reflect the competitive landscape. The Shanghai round already stands as a key turning point, in a weekend further influenced by the Sprint format.

A stability test
The Chinese circuit is one of the most telling indicators of title aspirations. It has rightly been said that the highly varied calendar leads to a constant evolution in the competitive hierarchy from race to race, depending on track characteristics. However, Shanghai is among the circuits that most resemble European racetracks or others like Suzuka and Qatar, which make up a significant portion of the season. China features several high- and medium-speed corners, but pure aerodynamic load takes a back seat, with a maximum lateral acceleration of 4.6 g, lower than Melbourne’s 4.9 g. What stands out instead is the length of Shanghai’s sweeping corners.

In the 7-8-9-10 sequence, drivers remain on a steered trajectory for up to four seconds after each direction change, requiring great stability through the corners—one of the hardest qualities to develop. The most indicative section in this regard is the opening corkscrew, where entry speeds approach 300 km/h before an eight-second right-hand turn, progressively increasing the steering angle while reducing speed below 100 km/h. This is what teams call a yaw sweep, a complete test of the car’s performance at various yaw angles, which refers to the car’s rotation relative to its direction of travel.

Shanghai will reveal a lot about the title-contending qualities of the cars, starting with Ferrari, which has been working on improving cornering stability since late 2024. “Shanghai is a real track, but unfortunately, we struggled a lot there last year as well,” reflects Leclerc. Any difficulties encountered here would not be an isolated case. If the Chinese track proves challenging for the SF-25 or other cars, similar struggles could arise at many other races.

A complete circuit
While drivers were at full throttle for 78% of the lap in Melbourne, in China, that figure drops to just 55%, with average qualifying speeds around 210 km/h, compared to 250 km/h in Australia. These numbers highlight the slower and less flowing nature of the Shanghai track, necessitating medium-downforce setups slightly higher than those used in the season opener. Shanghai is also a key test of balance, as its high-speed corners contrast with sections demanding strong mechanical grip, such as Turns 3, 6, 11, and 14, where good traction is essential.

The presence of several hairpins shifts focus to braking, particularly at Turn 14, where deceleration reaches 4.7 g as speeds drop from 320 to 70 km/h. Brembo rates the track’s braking severity as 3 out of 5 and notes that brakes will be used for 18% of the lap time, compared to just 11% in Australia. Brake efficiency will be crucial, particularly for McLaren. Lando Norris has voiced frustration over the MCL39’s lack of responsiveness on corner entry, making it harder to attack the apex—a significant challenge in the opening corkscrew, where braking is constantly combined with increasing steering input to the right.

The weekend’s unknowns
The changes from Australia go beyond just track layout; Shanghai’s asphalt differs in abrasiveness, adhesive grip, and mechanical grip. The biggest uncertainty will be understanding how the surface interacts with harder tires compared to Australia, as Pirelli is supplying its intermediate compounds: C2, C3, and C4. Tire pressures have increased from last year, now set at 26.5 psi for the front and 23.0 psi for the rear, one psi higher than in Australia. The relatively easy overtaking opportunities shift the focus toward race management rather than single-lap pace, with braking and lateral forces making the front axle the limiting factor for race performance.

The Sprint format further complicates adaptation to the resurfaced track, with only one free practice session before the first qualifying session. Teams will need to quickly determine the optimal number of pit stops and tire strategies for the Grand Prix while saving enough tire sets for the race, potentially at the expense of Friday’s simulations and the Sprint. The new asphalt also poses a risk of rapid track evolution, forcing teams to anticipate future conditions with their setup choices.

The key questions in Shanghai
A major topic of discussion this weekend is the implementation of the technical directive tightening rear-wing flexibility tests. However, the crackdown does not focus on the entire structure’s collapse but rather on the deformation of the main plane, which causes separation from the DRS flap even when closed. The timing of the directive forces teams into quick fixes, and it will be intriguing to see who suffers the most from the changes.

The Chinese Grand Prix will help better quantify McLaren’s advantage over its rivals on a more representative track, hopefully in dry conditions. Ferrari remains convinced that its gap to the reigning champions is not as large as it appeared in Australia, while Red Bull aims to confirm that its successful setup window in Melbourne can be replicated. Meanwhile, Mercedes already seems resigned to an unbridgeable gap to McLaren, hoping for a surprise turnaround in China.