F1 fuel war: will whoever nails E-fuel be unbeatable in 2026?. F1 has realized that “clean” fuels present a huge opportunity to promote non-polluting gasoline.

It’s a chess game. Each move is calculated with awareness of its potential effect on the 2026 Formula 1 cars. The regulations defining agile vehicles are in continuous, slow evolution, even as the January 1 deadline quickly approaches—the day when teams can begin aerodynamic studies, currently on hold by regulation until the start of the new year, on cars that will usher in the new F1 era in a cycle lasting until 2030.

In recent days, we reported that the FIA has finally eased some limitations restricting the development of the front wing and the front section of the floor, allowing the introduction of vortex generators that seemed banned. The dimensions of the rear diffuser are also being reviewed, making it larger than in the draft the International Federation presented in June.

The goal is to increase aerodynamic load (which had been reduced by 40% compared to today) and performance, seeking solutions that enable better recharging of the hybrid system, which will see the electric engine’s power grow to 50%, contributing equally with the six-cylinder combustion engine. This increased freedom is viewed positively by teams, who envision an F1 with less prescriptive designs and greater freedom to express different aerodynamic concepts.

The direction is promising, even though significant challenges remain in the background. The FIA has long defined the rules governing the new power units: as we’ve noted before, in addition to imposing equal power management between the electric and combustion components, they aimed to boost eco-friendly fuels with the introduction of e-fuels or bio-fuels to reduce emissions.

F1 has realized that “clean” fuels present a huge opportunity to promote non-polluting gasoline that could give combustion engines a second chance, as manufacturers are discovering that the pure electric market for production vehicles is far more challenging than expected, triggering corporate crises shaking some major brands.

The FIA sought a fuel regulation that would leave the field open for research, recognizing that F1 could contribute to the rapid evolution of synthetic and non-fossil fuels, not considering too much that this could open the door to a potential “fuel war.”

Manufacturers developing new power units are realizing that having the best engine might not be enough, as differences between one advanced fuel and another could have a performance impact that some estimate at between 3% and 5%. We’re talking about chemical power that could be worth between 30 and 50 horsepower.

This is enormous if you consider that Renault will exit the Circus because it suffers a power deficit of about thirty horsepower with its current unit, equivalent to the lower end of this range. Teams are discovering that oil companies (Aramco, Petronas, Shell, ExxonMobil, BP) are embarking on a “rearmament” with dedicated budgets, some astronomical and others more limited. The result could be significant disparities, transforming what should return to being a power unit championship into a fuel-based F1.

The search for chemical additives that can serve as effective anti-knock agents, allowing higher compression ratios in combustion engines, is leading some groups to seek partnerships with small ultra-specialized centers capable of delivering novel solutions.

It shouldn’t be surprising if, within the engine budget cap, the cost of a liter of e-fuel was estimated at 200 euros. This figure aims to be drastically reduced (150 euros?), introducing significant bans on additive substances. Those further along in developing new fuels will seek to avoid tight restrictions, but it’s increasingly clear that without limits, we could end up like in 2014, at the start of the hybrid era, with the unchallenged and unchallengeable dominance of Mercedes.

Which path will F1 take?