Among the many new elements introduced by the 2026 regulations, there is one that has largely gone unnoticed despite being of fundamental importance. It concerns the tightening of rules on sensors inside the combustion chamber, a change that will make it far more complex to exploit the internal combustion engine at the very limit of its potential.
An exemption will allow manufacturers to use the test sessions to refine new control strategies in order to prevent failures during the season. According to some insiders, under the constraints of the budget cap, repeated engine issues could even jeopardise a team’s ability to take to the track over the course of the year.
The new regulation
Frédéric Vasseur was very clear about what will be the top priority for everyone during testing: “The most important thing is to accumulate mileage, not to chase performance. You have to run in order to check the technical choices on the car in terms of reliability, and only afterwards work on performance.”
The need to run consistently is the reason why several teams have organised private shakedowns, allowing them to identify any technical issues immediately and then arrive in Barcelona ready to rack up laps without interruption.
All the attention is therefore focused on reliability, especially because power unit bench tests do not allow teams to faithfully reproduce the conditions encountered in the real world. One example is the vibrations the car is subjected to while running, which are particularly dangerous for the battery and other electrical components, but not only those.
Another critical aspect concerns episodes of detonation in the internal combustion engine, which directly affect the ability to exploit it at the limit of its performance envelope.
The power extracted from the engine also depends on how it is mapped, meaning the calibration of parameters such as turbo pressure, valve opening, air-fuel mixture composition and spark timing, all aimed at optimising the combustion process. However, all of this must respect a physical limit known as detonation, referred to in English as knock.
This is an abnormal combustion phenomenon that occurs under certain pressure and temperature conditions, accelerating engine wear and shortening its lifespan. Up until 2025, engine manufacturers were able to measure pressure directly inside the combustion chamber in order to monitor this limit and calibrate their engine maps accordingly. With the new regulations, however, this will no longer be permitted.
How control is changing
From 2026, the sampling frequency of sensors inside the combustion chamber is limited to 1 kHz, effectively preventing the recording of pressure peaks and the direct monitoring of detonation. Engine manufacturers will therefore have to rely on an alternative strategy to control abnormal combustion events, using accelerometers that measure vibrations in the engine block.
This means developing a new model that uses vibration data to estimate the detonation threshold. Work on this has already begun on the test bench, but it will need to be validated on track, where the noise and disturbances of real-world conditions come into play.
Exceptionally, during the collective tests in this first year of the new regulations, engine manufacturers will still be allowed to install pressure sensors. This will make it possible to correlate the old and new control strategies. It will therefore be essential to make the most of the limited time available, refining a robust model that provides enough confidence to run the engine at the limit throughout the season without fear of failures.
Reliability, after all, will be an even more important theme than in the past due to the need to comply with the cost cap. Through the ADUO mechanism, the FIA has set aside an additional budget for teams that are forced to replace more engines during the season. Among those within the paddock, however, there are those who believe this will not be sufficient, raising concerns that some teams could find themselves in an emergency situation where they must choose between breaching the spending cap, halting development, or giving up racing altogether.
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